Document Type : Original Article
Authors
1 Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
2 Artificial Intelligence in Medical Sciences Research Center, Smart University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
3 Department of Artificial Inteligence, Smart University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
4 Department of Pharmaceuticals, Organic Chemistry, Food and Drug Administration, Tehran, Iran
Abstract
Background and Objective: According to the principles of the right to health, easy and timely access to quality medicines is one of the fundamental and essential rights of all human beings. Therefore, these medicines should be made available to people in need at the right time and in sufficient quantities.
Methods: This article was prepared using the documents and criteria available in the Food and Drug Organization of Iran and the World Health Organization (WHO), and it was expressed analytically by comparing and contrasting them.
Findings: From the perspective of the World Health Organization, access to essential medicines as a minimum right is considered one of the core indicators of the right to health. This issue has been considered by some countries, especially poor and less developed countries, based on its affordability. Due to the vital importance of these medicines, the World Health Organization publishes a list of essential medicines every year, taking into account the minimum needs, on a biennial basis.
Conclusion: Although the Islamic Republic of Iran has taken substantial measures to meet the pharmaceutical needs of its citizens through legal supervision of drug prices and markets, especially drug imports, and the implementation of the generic plan, no serious work has been done to prepare a list of essential medicines. However, given the progress in this field and the country's relative self-sufficiency, it does not seem necessary to prepare a domestic list in line with the World Health Organization's list of essential medicines. Each country compiles its own independent list of essential medicines based on its production capacity and needs. Accordingly, governments should prepare and supply (produce or import) the list of essential medicines based on the World Health Organization list, climatic conditions, production capacity, and domestic to ensure equitable access to essential drugs is provided to all segments of society.
Keywords
Main Subjects
Article Title [Persian]
دسترسی به داروهای ضروری در ایران: انطباق با اسناد بین الملل
Authors [Persian]
- عباس کبریایی زاده 1
- وحیده منتظری 2 3
- رویا ایازی نصرآبادی 4
1 گروه سم شناسی و فارماکولوژی، دانشکده داروسازی، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی تهران، تهران، ایران
2 مرکز تحقیقات هوش مصنوعی در علوم پزشکی، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی هوشمند، تهران، ایران
3 گروه هوش مصنوعی، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی هوشمند، تهران، ایران
4 گروه دارو، شیمی آلی، سازمان غذا و دارو، تهران، ایران
Abstract [Persian]
زمینه و هدف: بر اساس مفاد حق سلامت دسترسی آسان و سریع به داروهای باکیفیتیکی از حقوق اساسی و ضروری آحاد بشر می باشد. بنابراین، این داروها باید در زمان مناسب و به مقدار کافی در دسترس افراد نیازمند قرار گیرند.
روش ها: این مقاله با استفاده از اسناد و ضوابط موجود در سازمان غذا و دارو ایران و سازمان بهداشت جهانی تهیه گردیده است و با تطبیق و مقاسیه آنها به صورت تحلیلی بیان شده است.
یافته ها: از منظر سازمان بهداشت جهانی، دسترسی به داروهای ضروری به عنوان یک حق حداقلی، ازجمله شاخصهای اصلی حق سلامت محسوب میشود. این موضوع براساس مقرون به صرفه بودن، مورد توجه برخی کشورها به ویژه کشورهای فقیر و کمتر توسعه یافته قرارگرفته است. بهعلت اهمیت حیاتی این داروها، سازمان بهداشت جهانی هر ساله فهرست داروهای ضروری را با توجه به نیازهای حداقلی به صورت دوسالانه منتشر میکند.
نتیجه گیری: اگرچه جمهوری اسلامی ایران از طریق نظارت قانونی بر قیمت، و بازار دارو، بهویژه واردات دارو و اجرای طرح ژنریک، اقدامات جدی در راستای پاسخگویی به نیازهای دارویی شهروندان خود انجام داده است، اما درخصوص تهیه فهرست داروهای ضروری، کار جدی صورت نگرفته است. با این حال، با توجه به پیشرفت در این زمینه و رسیدن به خودکفایی نسبی کشور، به نظر نمیرسد که تنظیم فهرست داخلی متناسب با فهرست داروهای ضروری سازمان بهداشت جهانی ضروری باشد. هرکشوری براساس توان تولید و نیاز خود، فهرست مستقل داروهای ضروری خود را تدوین می کند. بر این اساس دولت ها باید فهرست داروهای ضروری را بر اساس فهرست سازمان بهداشت جهانی، شرایط اقلیمی، توان تولید و الزامات داخلی تنظیم و تامین (تولید یا واردات) نمایند تا عدالت در دسترسی به دارو های ضروری برای تمام اقشار جامعه فراهم گردد.
Keywords [Persian]
- حق سلامت
- مقرون به صرفه بودن
- قابلیت قبول داشتن
- خوکفایی
- طرح ژنریک
- توان تولید
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