Document Type : Original Article
Authors
1 Department of Radio-Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
2 Indipendebt Resaercher, Tehran, Iran
3 Department of Anesthesia, Farhikhtegan Hospital, Tehran, Iran
Abstract
Background and Objective: Industrial living conditions, the increase in the elderly population, and the occurrence of chronic and incurable diseases have led patients to use complementary and alternative medicine drugs and methods, including biofield-based or aura-based methods. These methods do not have the risks and side effects of chemical drugs and the high cost of common modern medical treatments. In order to be used optimally, this ancient medicine requires legal control and supervision to prevent financial exploitation and fraud, as well as negligence of therapists.
Methods: Regulatory methods and laws for complementary and alternative medicine in the world were reviewed, and the best regulatory methods and laws for complementary medicine in Iran were presented.
Findings: The sanctions imposed are purely economic and based on putting pressure on governments, but what has actually happened is the violation of human rights principles in the countries under sanctions. The severity of these anti-human rights effects is closely related, especially to the continuation of the sanctions, as well as to the economic strength of the target country.
Conclusion: Iran is not the first country to be sanctioned; therefore, the adverse consequences of sanctions on the people of this country were foreseeable by the Security Council and the countries that imposed the sanctions. In the future, before imposing any economic sanctions, the international community should take effective measures to protect the human rights of the people of the target country and use every political and legal means to prevent violations of these rights by other countries or international organizations. What is certain is that sanctions are implemented to prevent countries from violating laws. Of course, some sanctions are implemented under false pretenses and to create dependence and submission of governments. But certainly, every sanction requires laws so that human rights, and especially the health of the society under sanctions, are not violated. Therefore, international organizations in this field must act independently in this regard, and government institutions must take appropriate measures to implement laws protecting human rights and remove sanctions from this issue.
Keywords
Main Subjects
Article Title [Persian]
طراحی الگوی نظارت قانونی فقهی-علمی بر طب مکمل و جایگزین در ایران با تأکید بر لمسدرمانی: یک مطالعه تطبیقی و پیشنهاد رویکرد نوین
Authors [Persian]
- بهرام مفید 1
- مهدی دوستداری 2
- عباس کریمی مجرد 3
1 گروه رادیوانکولوژی، دانشکده پزشکی، دانشگاه شهید بهشتی، تهران، ایران
2 پژوهشگر مستقل، تهران، ایران
3 گروه هوش بری، بیمارستان فرهیختگان، تهران، ایران
Abstract [Persian]
زمینه و هدف: شرایط زندگی صنعتی، افزایش جمعیت افراد سالخورده و بروز بیماریهای مزمن و صعبالعلاج، سبب گرایش بیماران به استفاده از داروها و روشهای طب مکمل و جایگزین از جمله روش های مبتنی بر بیوفیلد یا هاله شده است. این روش ها خطرات و عوارض داروهای شیمیایی و هزینه سنگین درمان های رایج پزشکی مدرن را ندارند. بهمنظور استفاده بهینه، این طب کهن نیازمند کنترل و نظارت قانونی برای جلوگیری از سوءاستفاده مالی و کلاهبرداری و همین طور سهل-انگاری و قصور درمانگران میباشد.
روشها: اسناد قانونی و فقهی ایران و کشورهای اسلامی بهصورت کیفی بررسی و کدگذاری شد. این روش با مقایسه سیستماتیک قوانین و گزارشهای موجود، الگویی نوین برای نظارت مبتنی بر اصول فقهی و علمی طراحی میکند. دادهها از اسناد عمومی (2000 به بعد) جمعآوری شده و بدون ابزار میدانی تحلیل شدهاند.
یافته ها: هر حوزه پزشکی نیازمند قانون گذاری، کنترل و نظارت قانونی و بازرسی از داخل یا خارج یک سازمان تولیدکننده و عرضه کننده کالا و خدمات سلامت است. این اقدامات علاوه بر تضمین کیفیت، افزایش کارآیی و کاهش ریسک کاربرد ابزارها و روش ها را موجب می شود و مانع از هرگونه سوءاستفاده و کلاهبرداری میگردد. این موضوع در حوزه طب مکمل که نیازمند اعتماد بین درمانگر و بیمار است، از اهمیت بیشتری برخوردار است.
نتیجه گیری: با توجه به احتمال بالای سوء استفاده مالی و کلاهبرداری، تدوین و تصویب مقررات مقتضی به منظور جلوگیری از ادعاهای کذب در استفاده از روشهای طب مکمل و جایگزین امری ضروری است. بنابراین، لازم است مجموعه قوانین اخلاقی این طب به قانون الزامی تبدیل شده و تمهیدات لازم جهت نظارت پیشگیرانه اندیشیده شود. استانداردهای آموزشی نیز باید به دقت اعمال شوند تا از اشتغال افراد ناآگاه و فاقد صلاحیت در این حوزه جلوگیری شود، زیرا فعالیت این افراد می تواند سبب سلب اعتماد مردم شود. نظارت بر طب مکمل و جایگزین از دو منظر حائز اهمیت می باشد: 1) متخصصان و ارائه دهندگان خدمات، 2) اعتباربخشی به قوانین اخلاقی مختص طب مکمل و جایگزین، از این رو به جهت جلوگیری از ادعای کذب و اعتمادبخشی جامعه به لمس درمانی، ابتدا باید قوانین در این خصوص بازنگری و تدوین گردد، تا براساس توانایی و تخصص افراد، مجوز صادر شود و در مرحله دوم نظارت و بازرسی مستمر برون سازمانی انجام گیرد.
Keywords [Persian]
- طب مکمل و جایگزین
- بیوفیلد
- ادعای کذب
- لمس درمانی
- سوءاستفاده مالی
- قوانین اخلاقی
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