Original Article
Economic Law and, Financial Health
seyyed mohammad ali mirbehbehani; morteza meftahi
Articles in Press, Accepted Manuscript, Available Online from 18 February 2025
Abstract
Background and purpose: Perhaps the most important part of health is medicine. A access to Pharmaceutical Products is considered one of the pillars of human rights. This directly affects the right to health and the right to life. Considering that high-cost and highly effective pharmaceutical products ...
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Background and purpose: Perhaps the most important part of health is medicine. A access to Pharmaceutical Products is considered one of the pillars of human rights. This directly affects the right to health and the right to life. Considering that high-cost and highly effective pharmaceutical products account for a huge share of household expenses, in order to ensure relative justice in access, appropriate price determination and optimal price control methods are required.Research Method: This article has been written using the paper and e-books and articles available in real and virtual libraries in descriptive-explanatory method.Findings: Determining the price ceiling is the first step in controlling the price of pharmaceutical products, which is determined based on considerations such as cost, benefits, risks of using drugs, or market conditions. Sometimes governments do not consider any of these requirements in order to follow the free market policy. According to the nature of drugs, these controls are carried out in three categories: brand, generic and imported drugs, although some drugs may be included in the combined category. Due to the high cost and the importance of innovation, price control of brand products is more important and complicated.Conclusion: Determining the price ceiling and fighting against overselling in order to support production and innovation with the aim of supporting the consumer are necessary as ways to determine and control drug prices. For this purpose, the fight against price gouging regarding imported products is done in support of domestic production. Compulsory licensing is also another good way to control the price of branded pharmaceutical products.
Original Article
Pharmaceutical and Cosmetic System Law
Shahriar eslamitabar
Articles in Press, Accepted Manuscript, Available Online from 18 February 2025
Abstract
Background and Objective: economic access to medicine and treatment is one of the most important dimensions of the right to health, which is considered one of the goals of national development in addition to international human rights. Achieving this important goal is possible by using correct and specific ...
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Background and Objective: economic access to medicine and treatment is one of the most important dimensions of the right to health, which is considered one of the goals of national development in addition to international human rights. Achieving this important goal is possible by using correct and specific strategies such as pricing and compensation of costs through insurance.Methods: First, the literature of the article was reviewed using e-books, and articles, then the qualitative data was analyzed through content analysis and a practical model was presented.Results: Price control is done in two ways, direct and indirect. Determining the price and correcting it, it is the direct type, and compensation of costs through insurance is considered the indirect type. As the first control step, pricing strategies are followed based on two basic principles: 1- Value-based pricing, which is related to drug effects and drug cost, and includes the same requirements. 2- Price Classification based on the type and nature of the drug, including generic, under patent and imported.Conclusion: Since Iran has recently abandoned the Cost Plus method (determining the prices based on a percentage more than the total cost), it is necessary to constantly regulated the prices according to the current conditions, needs and the existence of similar drugs, but This action dose not seems correct in any situation and the necessary considerations regarding single-prescription drugs have not been taken into account. While advanced countries such as France and England include all drugs in the insurance coverage list based on their medicinal nature without special requirements and prerequisites, the budget of countries such as Iran does not allow such a thing.
Review Article
Pharmaceutical and Cosmetic System Law
کمال اله قلی
Articles in Press, Accepted Manuscript, Available Online from 19 January 2025
Abstract
This article examines the state of pharmaceutical regulations in the developing world by constructing international indices derived from World Health Organization data. The past two decades have been marked by profound changes in the pharmaceutical sector, including a complete overhaul of intellectual ...
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This article examines the state of pharmaceutical regulations in the developing world by constructing international indices derived from World Health Organization data. The past two decades have been marked by profound changes in the pharmaceutical sector, including a complete overhaul of intellectual property systems at the behest of the World Trade Organization and the consolidation of global active pharmaceutical ingredient suppliers in China and India. Although drug ownership laws have been regulated and implemented globally, we surprisingly have little information about how national market entry standards and the regulation of pharmaceutical products have changed.
Original Article
Law Policy Management,, and Regulation of Health
Mehdi Moazzami goudarzi
Articles in Press, Accepted Manuscript, Available Online from 23 August 2025
Abstract
Background and objective: Cosmetovigilance is a recent concept. The term itself has just been indexed. It is a form of health public surveillance with a public health objective; it therefore differs from the surveillance carried out by industrialists, who aim at the safety of the product for commercial ...
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Background and objective: Cosmetovigilance is a recent concept. The term itself has just been indexed. It is a form of health public surveillance with a public health objective; it therefore differs from the surveillance carried out by industrialists, who aim at the safety of the product for commercial purposes, and differs from peer surveillance whose purpose is medical. Cosmetovigilance concerns cosmetic products. The 2006 European resolution has laid the ground work for a cosmetovigillance system based on case notifications. As of 2013, the new European regulation requires that serious undesirable effects reported to the competent authority should be transmitted to the competent authorities of the other Member States and to the person responsible for the cosmetic product. Two problems are yet to be solved: causality assessment and reporting categories. Result and discussion: Cosmetovigilance systems are genuine means of obtaining information on the safety of cosmetic products and their ingredients. They can be used by Europe to check that new directives ensure a high level of safety. Cosmetovigilance makes it possible to rule out or control potentially hazardous ingredients and can thus set our minds at ease about the products placed on the market. Until now, there is no act to design and establish local cosmetovigillance system from the side of official authority in IRAN
Sociology and Political Science in Health Law
Ali Eslamifar
Articles in Press, Accepted Manuscript, Available Online from 13 September 2025
Abstract
Background and Aims: One of the most important ethical issues related to health law is related to organ transplantation. In this regard, the strategies for increasing the transplanted organ and the ethical considerations related to the fair collection and distribution of the tissues and body parts of ...
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Background and Aims: One of the most important ethical issues related to health law is related to organ transplantation. In this regard, the strategies for increasing the transplanted organ and the ethical considerations related to the fair collection and distribution of the tissues and body parts of the deceased are of special importance, which we discuss in this article. First, the various strategies available in the world to increase the donation rate from the deceased as the most appropriate source of transplant organ procurement are discussed from an ethical point of view, and then the general ethical considerations of this field and the way of fair distribution of organs based on different criteria, priorities and philosophical theories are discussed. has been.
Material & methods: This article was written using the books and articles available in real and virtual libraries in a descriptive-explanatory way.
Results: The most important policies to increase the donation rate from the deceased that are examined in this article are: 1- Mandatory selection 2- Presumed consent 3- Required request and common research 4- Voluntary artificial respiration 5- Donation to a third party 6- Use of prisoners. In this article, along with a brief description of each of these policies, an analysis is provided for each of them from an ethical point of view.
Conclusion: Each of the methods of removal and fair distribution of transplantable organs and tissues have advantages and disadvantages from the philosophical, ethical and legal points of view. In this field, a suitable law, in addition to being based on the logic and needs of the people of the society, should be formulated in accordance with the values, beliefs and cultural, social and religious criteria of the people, because without considering these principles, comprehensive laws can never be hindered and Effectively achieved. Of course, through education and information, culture should be created in such a way that the interests of society are also provided in this regard.
