دانشگاه علوم پزشکی هوشمند

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 گروه حقوق، دانشکده حقوق، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی ،واحد تهران شمال، تهران، ایران

2 گروه حقوق، دانشکده حقوق، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، واحد دماوند، تهران، ایران

چکیده

زمینه و هدف: اتانازی ازجمله بحث برانگیزترین مسائل اخلاق زیستی و از سرفصل‌های مهم حقوق سلامت می باشد، که ابعاد گوناگون اخلاقی، حقوقی و فقهی آن می‌تواند مورد مطالعه قرار گیرد. از آنجا که آموزه‌ها و منابع فقه اسلامی، پایه و اساس ساختار حقوقی کشور ما را تشکیل می‌دهد، تقویت جنبه فقهی می‌تواند به تقویت جنبه حقوقی و قانونی این موضوع کمک شایانی نماید.
روش ­ها: در این مقاله، به بیان نقطه نظرات برخی فقهای مطرح مذهب تشیع پرداخته شده است و با بررسی آیات، روایت و قوانین بین‌المللی به تفسیر و تحلیل احکام و قوانین اتانازی پرداخته شده است.
یافته ­ها: در ایران، خلاء قانونی در ارتباط با اتانازی کاملاً محسوس است و از آنجا که فقه شیعه اساس ساختار قانونی کشور ما را تشکیل می‌دهد، ضروری است که فقها، حقوقدانان و قانون گذاران محترم به بحث و تبادل‌نظر بیشتری در این خصوص پرداخته و زمینه را برای رفع این خلاء قانونی و دستیابی به قوانین صریح در این زمینه را فراهم سازند.
نتیجه ­گیری: بررسی اتانازی از جهت حکم تکلیفی (جواز یا عدم جواز) و حکم وضعی آن (حق قصاص و دیه)، از موضوعات مورد توجه در این مقاله است که با توجیه و تفسیر فقهی و فلسفی همراه می‌باشد. علاوه بر این، حکم ماده 206 قانون مجازات اسلامی نیز در این خصوص مورد بررسی دقیق قرار گرفته است. در نهایت، ضمن ارائه دیدگاه علمای شیعه در مورد جوانب مختلف اتانازی، یک جمع‌بندی کلی مطرح می‌گردد که امید است گامی برای روشن‌تر شدن موضوع و تبیین احکام و قوانین فقهی، با توجه به شرایط روز باشد. اتانازی باید در ابعاد حقوقی، اخلاقی و فقهی بیشتر مورد بررسی قرار گیرد و به جنبه انسانی، دردهای ناشی از بیماری، هزینه‌های نگهداری بیمار و حق آزادی بشر نیز توجه گردد و براساس آن ها تصمیم‌گیری صورت گیرد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

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