دانشگاه علوم پزشکی هوشمند

نوع مقاله : مقاله مروری

نویسنده

مدیر گروه حقوق سلامت، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی هوشمند، تهران، ایران

چکیده

زمینه و هدف: این مطالعه در راستای بهره­گیری از تجربیات ملی و بین­المللی و همچنین تکامل آن به­عنوان یک رشته جدید دانشگاهی است. حق بر سلامت یکی از عناوین حق­های بشراست که تحقق آن برای استیفای سایر حق­های بشر ضروری بوده و در پیوندی ناگسستنی با حق حیات قرار دارد. با توجه به پیچیدگی و توسعه رابطه میان سلامت و حقوق در سطوح ملی و بین‌المللی، ضروری است مروری بر این شاخه قدیمی حقوق، که امروزه یک رشته جدید دانشگاهی است، داشته باشیم. حقوق سلامت می‌تواند از دیدگاه­های مختلف بررسی شود: اخلاق زیستی، حقوق سلامت عمومی و حقوق مراقبت سلامت. اولی به اخلاقیات مربوط است و دومی و سومی رویکردهای حقوقی موضوع می‌باشند. حق افراد به منظور تعیین سرنوشت خود و حق برخورداری از سلامت، موضوع اصلی در این رویکرد‌های حقوقی است.
یافته‌ها: با بررسی کتب، مجوعه مقالات، قوانین و مقررات مربوط به نظام حقوقی سیاستگذاری، مدیریت و نظارت در نظام سلامت در چهار حوزه حق سلامت، حقوق سلامت عمومی، حقوق مراقبت سلامت و اخلاق زیستی تقسیم شده است.
نتیجه­گیری: هدف نهایی حقوق سلامت، دسترسی به تمامی عناصر حق سلامت شامل حق‌ افراد و جمعیت‌ها و به­ویژه جمعیت‌های آسیب­پذیر بوده و مسئولیت قانونی آن­ها عموما در مرکز توجه حقوق سلامت قرار دارد. طبق قوانین ملی و بین‌المللی، نهادهای دولتی دارای مسئولیت قانونی تدارک مراقبت‌های سلامت، حفاظت از سلامت و ارتقای آن هستند. این امور شامل موضوعات مربوط به حقوق مراقبت سلامت از جمله حریم خصوصی و محرمانگی، مسئولیت قانونی متخصصان مراقبت سلامت، کلاهبرداری و سوء‌‌استفاده مالی و همین‌طور حقوق غذا و دارو، حقوق زیست­ محیطی، حقوق سلامت روان و حقوق سلامت جمعیت‌های آسیب‌پذیر می‌شوند.
 

کلیدواژه‌ها

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