Religious and Spiritual Rights in Health
Asghar Arabian; Mohammadreza Alipour; Maryam Haidari
Volume 2, Issue 2 , February 2025, , Pages 17-30
Abstract
Background and Objective: Health is known as one of the main pillars of development and one of human rights. Therefore, governments are obliged to realize the right to health of their citizens. Judicial and quasi-judicial mechanisms sieve as important avenves for individual to pursue this right, and ...
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Background and Objective: Health is known as one of the main pillars of development and one of human rights. Therefore, governments are obliged to realize the right to health of their citizens. Judicial and quasi-judicial mechanisms sieve as important avenves for individual to pursue this right, and their incorporation into legal framework is essential. The involvement of experts in health and criminal sciences.Methods: With scientific methods, the analysis and recognition of the right to health in national and international law has been done and provide practical solutions to help improve the monitoring and handling of the violation of the right to health in Iran.Results: Based on international documents, all the governments are committed to the health rights of their citizens. Therefore, the governments put cases of violations of this right under judicial review at two levels: Violation of the right to health by 1- Healthcare professionals, 2- The government; Therefore, both of them are responsibl.Conclusion: Success in judicial and quasi-judicial processes depends on the implementation of international obligations related to the right to health by governments. The right to health should be the first priority of the laws of the countries; And among other things, it should be accurately and clearly considered in the constitution, and it should be linked with the more fundamental right to life. However, achiving this right presents significant challenges, such as broad scope of health rights, the need for clear definitions of their limits, insufficient expertise among profesionals involved, inadequate judicial evaluations, and funding limitations.
Economic Law and, Financial Health
Seyyed Babak Mozafari; Mahdi Saeedian; Shirin Khalili
Volume 2, Issue 2 , February 2025, , Pages 43-55
Abstract
Background and Objective: Considering the complexity and development of the relationship between health care professionals and patients on the internet at the national and international levels, it is necessary for us to know of this new technology.Methods: This article has been written using the books ...
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Background and Objective: Considering the complexity and development of the relationship between health care professionals and patients on the internet at the national and international levels, it is necessary for us to know of this new technology.Methods: This article has been written using the books and articles available in real and virtual libraries in a descriptive-explanatory way.Results: The ever-increasing growth of the communication, telecommunication and informatics industries confronts the world with a new revolution every day. The revolution of information and communication technology has left a significant impact on all economic, social, political and security sectors of the countries. With the development of this technology in the medical sector, we are looking for a huge transformation in the system of providing health and medical services, and one of the most important areas of application of information technology is the field of health and treatment.Conclusion: Electronic health refers to the use of the internet and other technologies in the health care industry. Electronic health is a combination of informatics, health and business disciplines and refers to health information and services that are provided through the Internet and digital technologies. In this system, healthcare service providers and patients are not in face-to-face contact, and the communication between them is done by electronic devices, for example by computer.
New Technologies Health and Law
Shahriar eslamitabar; MAHDI SAEIDIAN
Volume 2, Issue 2 , February 2025, , Pages 87-105
Abstract
Context and Purpose: France is known as the cradle of law and law. French e-Health in the field of health care have been compiled and approved based on the pillars and elements of the right to health introduced by the main international institutions of human rights and the World Health Organization and ...
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Context and Purpose: France is known as the cradle of law and law. French e-Health in the field of health care have been compiled and approved based on the pillars and elements of the right to health introduced by the main international institutions of human rights and the World Health Organization and according to the conditions and possibilities of the day. This field of new French laws with emphasis on electronic health can be a good model for the Islamic Republic of Iran in developing the aforementioned laws and regulations.Research Method: This article has been written using the paper and e-books and articles available in real and virtual libraries in a descriptive-explanatory method.Findings: The basics of health care law in of France, like any other country, include; The legal control of health care professionals is informed consent to treatment, negligence, error and confidentiality of personal information, which, although it has many similarities with the general trend of the world, is unique in its own way. The role of French public health law is also important in this regard. On the other hand, due to the fact that the right to independence and individual freedom is highly respected in France, an implicit or explicit contract between the mentioned specialists and the patient referred to them, in the form of civil rights and contract laws of France, is carefully considered. The legislator's attention has been drawn. From the beginning, these contracts will be accompanied by legal liability related to negligence and possible negligence.Conclusion: Due to the close cooperation of European countries in the form of the European Parliament, important legal issues have been raised and resolved in the form of French and European Union laws and regulations in medicine and health care, including; Confidentiality of electronic health files, considering the nature of these types of files and the possible access of various people to it, the area of authorized activity of specialists and the issuance of licenses, the jurisdiction dealing with possible violations, liability for negligence and errors and technical defects of telemedicine equipment. is, which has been legislated in all subjects according to the needs and conditions of the day.
Economic Law and, Financial Health
Shahriar eslamitabar
Volume 1, Issue 1 , June 2024, , Pages 1-9
Abstract
Background: This study seeks to utilize both national and international experiences and explores evolution of health law as an emerging academic field. The right to health is one of the components of human rights, the realization of which is considered necessary for the fulfilment of other human rights ...
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Background: This study seeks to utilize both national and international experiences and explores evolution of health law as an emerging academic field. The right to health is one of the components of human rights, the realization of which is considered necessary for the fulfilment of other human rights and intricately linked to the right to life and is also associated with the right social security. Considering the complexity and development of the relationship between health and law at the national and international levels, it is crucial to reassess this long-established area of law, which has developed into a distinct academic discipline. Health rights can be approached from different perspectives: bioethics, public health rights and health care rights. The first is related to ethics, and the second and third are legal approaches. A central theme in these legal approaches is the the right of individuals to shape their own destinies and to archive a state of health. Methods: Prepared by reviewing articles and guidelines related to health law. Conclusion: Health rights are linked to the rights of individual especially those in vulnerable situations, allowing them access to all aspects of health. Therefore, legal responsibility is a significant aspect of health rights. Morevere, national and international laws require government institutions to take on legal responsibilities for providing, protecting and promoting health. These matters include issues of health care rights, including privacy and confidentiality, legal responsibility of health care professionals, fraud and financial abuse, as well as food and drug rights, environmental rights, mental health rights, and the health rights of vulnerable populations.
The right to health and bioethics
Ansieh Zarenejad; Fatemeh Anvar; Maryam Haji
Volume 1, Issue 1 , June 2024, , Pages 37-52
Abstract
Background and Objective: Since the beginning of the 1990s, economic sanctions have been increasingly used by major powers in the western block in order to achieve international political goals. Over the years, economic sanctions have caused violations of the right to health in the targeted countries.Methods: ...
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Background and Objective: Since the beginning of the 1990s, economic sanctions have been increasingly used by major powers in the western block in order to achieve international political goals. Over the years, economic sanctions have caused violations of the right to health in the targeted countries.Methods: In this article, the impact of sanctions on Iran and other countries is compared and solutions are suggested to reduce the negative effects of sanctions on Iran's economy and health. Also, the best model for dealing with sanctions for Iran's health system was presented.Results: The imposed sanctions are purely economic and based on putting pressure on the governments, but what happened in reality is the violation of the principles of human rights in the countries under sanctions. The severity of these anti-human rights effects is closely related, especially with the duration of sanctions, as well as with the economic foundation of the target country.Conclusion: Iran is not the first country to be sanctioned; Therefore, the adverse effects of sanctions on the people of this country were predictable by the Security Council and the countries that imposed the sanctions. In the future, before applying any economic sanctions, the international community must take effective measures to protect the human rights of the people of the target country. Also, use any political and legal means to prevent the violation of the rights of these people by other countries or international organizations.
Law Policy Management,, and Regulation of Health
Abbas Vosoogh-Moghaddam; Seyed Sahand Eisapoor; Hassan Kakui
Volume 1, Issue 1 , June 2024, , Pages 83-98
Abstract
Background and Objective: In order to follow international policies related to the realization of the four dimension of human rights, including the right to health, governments have three obligations, commitment to respect, commitment to support, and commitment to implementation. Governments must take ...
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Background and Objective: In order to follow international policies related to the realization of the four dimension of human rights, including the right to health, governments have three obligations, commitment to respect, commitment to support, and commitment to implementation. Governments must take certain action that one of them is to evaluate the extent of realization in various dimensions of human rights, especialy the right to health.Methods: This article has been written using paper and e-books as well as articles employing a descriptive-annotative method.Results: generally, evaluation indicators are divided into two main types: general and specific indicators. In addition, each indicator must possess the characteristics of being transparent, accurate, comprehensive, valid and acceptable, and related to the subject being evaluated.Conclusion: There are serious concerns regarding the evaluation of quality indicators, including the collection of information, alignment of data from different sources and integration of these data. Additionally, the overlap and interference of indicators in som areas related to evaluation of the right to health contribute to lack of information. The national health indicators used in the Islamic Republic of Iran appear to have flaws. By comparing domestic and international indicators, it may be possible to develop a composite index, that integrates links different dimensions and approaches.ش
Pharmaceutical and Cosmetic System Law
Abbas Kebriaeezadeh; Vahideh Montazeri Najafabadi; Roya Ayazi-Nasrabadi
Volume 1, Issue 1 , June 2024, , Pages 99-113
Abstract
Background and Objective: According to the right to health, one of the most basic human rights, all individual have the right to essential medicines. These medicines should be available to those in need at the appropriate time and at a reasonable cost.Methods: This article has been written using both ...
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Background and Objective: According to the right to health, one of the most basic human rights, all individual have the right to essential medicines. These medicines should be available to those in need at the appropriate time and at a reasonable cost.Methods: This article has been written using both printed books and e-books, as well as articles and documents, and employes a comparative-analytical for examination.Results: From the perspective of the World Health Organization, access to essential medicines, regard asfunamental right and key indicator of the right to health. This issue is particulary significant for som countries, especially that are poor and less developed, due to concern about affordability. Because of the vital importance of these medicine, the World Health Organization publishes a list of essential medicine every two years, according to based on minimum needs.Conclusion: Although the Islamic Republic of Iran has taken serious measures to address the pharmaceutical needs of its citizens by regulating price and the drug market, especially through the import of drugs and the implementation of the generic plan, serious work has not been done regarding the preparation of the list of essential medicines. However, considering the rejection of this need and reaching the relative self-sufficiency in the country, through the comprehensive generic plan, adjusting the internal list according to the World Health Organization’s list does not seem necessary. Each country has its own independent list of essential medicines based on its production capacity and needs.
