Law Policy Management,, and Regulation of Health
mehdi sanei; salar shahbazi; Najibeh Mirani
Volume 2, Issue 2 , February 2025, , Pages 57-66
Abstract
Background and purpose: Considering the advantages of biological weapons, such as cheap production, easier use, high efficiency, very high emission power, dual purpose use and the ability to hide the idea of illegal activity, we see a significant increase in the production, development and possibility ...
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Background and purpose: Considering the advantages of biological weapons, such as cheap production, easier use, high efficiency, very high emission power, dual purpose use and the ability to hide the idea of illegal activity, we see a significant increase in the production, development and possibility of using these deadly weapons. Therefore, it is necessary to deal seriously with the phenomenon of bioterrorism, especially through legislative measures.Method: This article has been written using the paper and e-books and articles in a descriptive-explanatory method.Findings: "Bioterrorism" means: the deliberate release or release of viruses, bacteria and other pathogenic agents, with the intention of causing disease or death among human, animal and plant populations.Since bioterrorism is considered a global threat, important international treaties such as the Geneva Protocol and the Convention on the Prohibition of the Development of Biological Weapons have been signed by most of the governments, but the problems and deficiencies in the text of these treaties and the lack of necessary enforcement guarantees cause It has provided for repeated violations of the provisions of these treaties. The implementation problems related to the way of inspections and the biased and discriminatory approach of some countries have also become the reason for the fact that today more than in the past, we are witnessing deadly bioterrorist attacks in every corner of the world.Conclusion: Currently, countries such as the United States, which are highly exposed to bioterrorism attacks, have developed and passed national laws to deal with the sinister phenomenon of bioterrorism, and this is while the Islamic Republic of Iran only The microbial comprehensive plan, which is a general plan, is enough and has not taken any urgent action to protect public health from the scourge of this ominous phenomenon.
Environmental Law and Occupational Health
Jalil Maleki; Ehsan Lame; Farzad chghamirza; Najibeh Mirani
Volume 1, Issue 1 , June 2024, , Pages 115-129
Abstract
Background and Objective: Preserving the enviroment is essential for human life, and this required preventing pollution, misuse and exploitation. The purpose of this article is to review the framework of the legal system and the status of the statuse of global regulations related to environmental rights, ...
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Background and Objective: Preserving the enviroment is essential for human life, and this required preventing pollution, misuse and exploitation. The purpose of this article is to review the framework of the legal system and the status of the statuse of global regulations related to environmental rights, with a focuse on the measures and requirements related to commercial and market activities. The aim is to analyze these issues within developing countries and provide insights for those in the early stages of creating and implementing such regulations.Methods: This article was written using a combination of printed materials, e-books and academic articles, employing a descriptive-explanatory approach.Results: In today's world, the environmental preservation has been effectively pursued in some countries through the establishment of laws and regulations. Key sources for legal protection and preservation of the environment include international laws and treaties, constitutional guidelines, laws approved by the European Union Parliament, regulations of regulatory organizations, and court rulings.Conclusion: Legislators should pursue sustainable development by predicting and impose taxes on environmental polluters, not extending or revoking licenses for destructive industries, establish and enforce regulations related to environmental protection responsibility. Additionally, incentive measures such as exemption for those who contribute to a clean environment could be effective. Environmental insurance, as a policy adopted by the European Union, is also for security of industries at risk at environmental pollution.
